Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
1,00,000
Li ion
very high power
Super
capacitors
10,000
Lead-acid
spirally wound
Li ion
high power
Ni-Cd
1,000
Ni-MH
Li ion
high
energy
Na/NiCl
2
100
LiM-polymer
Lead-acid
10
1
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
Specific energy (Wh/kg at cell level)
Figure 10.23 Ragone chart for various electrochemical energy storage
components (from Reference 20)
1×10
3
Li ion
100
NiMH
Pb-acid
10
1
0.1
0.01
1
10
100
1×10
3
1×10
4
1×10
5
1×10
6
Specific power (
P
) at 90% efficiency (W/kg)
Figure 10.24 Ragone chart with characteristic time as parameter
