Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
from knowledge of the electromagnetic torque developed (measurements of vol-
tages, currents and/or flux linkages) and the losses associated with the M/G elec-
trical and mechanical system. Shaft torque is therefore estimated based on load
point, temperature and other variables in the system (e.g. battery voltage). The
same constraint applies during generating mode. The hybrid vehicle powertrain
controller must possess knowledge of the M/G shaft input torque during regener-
ating mode in order to manage brake effort and brake balancing. To this end, the
controller must estimate loss components associated with friction, windage, core
and copper losses in order to make an accurate assessment of what electromagnetic
torque to command. The same rationale applies in the case of DTC, and in fact to
all other methods of controlling M/G torque in either motoring or generating
modes.
7.6 Exercises
The following IPM machine parameter table used in Chapter 6 for the Camry
Hybrid will be used for the following examples.
P pk (kW)
105
Inverter #IGBT/Sw
18
2,100 mm 2
Poles ( P )
8
IGBT S sw area
1,300 mm 2
PM flux linkage (y m )
0.025 Wb-t Diode S dio area
Base speed ( n b )
4,500 rpm
Link filter cap
2,100 m F, 750 V
0.7 m W at 80 C
dc link volts ( U d )
600 V
Link filter ESR
Stator iron mass ( M s )
18 kg
Stator phase resistance ( R ph ) 3m W
MG1 copper mass ( M Cu )
6 kg
Stator voltage constant ( k e )
0.101 V rms/rad/s
Stator d -axis ( L d )
391 m H
Stator q -axis ( L q )
145 m H
Q1: Construct a vector diagram for the IPM machine and identify the parameter
values when its speed is at the corner point.
Q2: Develop a trajectory map for the IPM and illustrate the maximum torque per
ampere control trajectory.
Q3: Define the limits of field weakening control for this IPM when the dc link
voltage is 500 V.
References
1. Novotny D.W., Lorenz R.D. Introduction to Field Orientation and High
Performance AC Drives , 2nd edn, IEEE Industry Applications Society
Tutorial Course Annual Meeting, Denver, CO, 28-29 September 1986.
2. Diana G., Harley R.G. 'An aid for teaching field oriented control applied to
induction machines'. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems , 1989, vol. 4,
no. 3, pp. 1258-61.
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