Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Solution:
NiMH battery
Li ion battery
Efficiency, one-way
(9.18/13.18) = 0.8346
0.93 (given)
h
ta
=(
h
ow
)
2
= 0.83462 = 0.6965
h
ta
= (0.93)
2
= 0.865
Efficiency, turnaround
Discharged Ah
9.18 (and = 0.6965
13.18)
11.4 (= 0.865
13.18)
Difference
N/A
21
where
h
ow
= one-way efficiency and
h
ta
= turnaround efficiency.
The lithium ion pack in the same application will be 21% more efficient in
recuperating energy and making it available for reuse.
1.4 Performance characteristics of road vehicles
The vehicle attributes foremost in customers' minds when contemplating a pur-
chase, other than cost and durability,
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are its performance and economy or P&E.
Performance generally relates to acceleration times, passing manoeuvres and
braking. Economy has metrics of fuel economy (North America) or fuel con-
sumption (Europe and Asia-Pacific), as well as emission of GHGs.
1.4.1 Partnership for new generation of vehicle goals
It is prudent to start a discussion of hybrid vehicle P&E by stating the goals of the US
Partnership for a New Generation Vehicle (PNGV) [9]. PNGV Goal 3 sets a vehicle
mass target for a 5-passenger vehicle at less than 1,000 kg from its CV production
mass of 1,472 kg. The vehicles targeted in North America were the GM Chevrolet
Impala, Ford Taurus and Chrysler Concorde, which are all high volume, mid-sized
passenger cars. Table 1.6 presents a summary of their performance targets.
Table 1.6 Vehicle performance goals (US PNGV targets) - 5 passenger, 1,472 kg
base, 26.7 mpg
Vehicle attribute
Parameter
Acceleration
0-60 mph in 12 s
Number of passengers
Up to 6 total occupants
>
100,000 mi
Operating life
Range
380 mi on combined cycle
Emissions
Meet or exceed EPA Tier II
16.8 ft
3
,91kg
Luggage capacity
Recyclability
Up to 80%
Safety
Meets Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards
Utility, comfort, ride and handling
Equivalent to conventional vehicle
Purchase price and operating costs
Equivalent to conventional vehicle, adjusted
to present economics
4
Safety and security systems are foremost in consumers' minds when technology is used as a product
differentiator.
