Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
$30,000
Average of base and
ANL methods
On vehicle charging system
Energy storage system
Electric traction Accessory power
Transmission Engine + exhaust
Glider
$25,000
$20,000
$15,000
$10,000
$5,000
$0
CV
HEV0
HEV20
HEV60
Figure 2.14 Major components in conventional vehicle, power assist and dual
mode hybrids (mid-size vehicle, retail price equivalents; from
Reference 16)
(HEV20 and HEV60), accounting for glider cost (the base vehicle shell including
chassis), engine and exhaust system, transmission and accessories.
The major differences between a power assist hybrid and a CV is the lower
cost of powertrain components due to downsized engine and different transmission.
However, total vehicle cost is higher in power assist because of the added electric
traction and energy storage components. These same added components in dual
mode vehicles are higher still due to their increased rating. The final distinction
between dual mode and power assist is the additional on-board charger necessary in
dual mode for utility charging.
2.2.5 Dual mode
Dual mode is still a pre-transmission architecture but with a very capable ac drive
system having electric fractions of greater than 30% and sufficient on-board energy
storage for sustained electric-only range. The dual mode hybrid electric-only range
can be 20, 40 or as high as 60 mi in NA. Because of the EV like energy storage
system levels, the battery technology will generally have
P
/
E
s less than 10. Dual
mode is a connotation for engine power only, electric propulsion power only or
both.
According to the OATT report, a dual mode vehicle will cost from $3,000 to
$5,000 more than its CV counterpart as noted in Figure 2.14. The battery alone will
represent a sizeable fraction of this cost as well as of the added mass. Battery
warranty, due to high replacement cost, must be 10-15 years. The warranty should
also be transferable to the second owner (typically past year 6 for the vehicle) in
order for the vehicle to hold its residual value. High residual value is an investment
benefit for the first owner and transferable battery warranty a benefit to the second
owner. Figure 2.15 illustrates the cost increments if battery replacement is required.
