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- the multimedia presenter chooses a realization that is visual (display of
thejourneyonageographicalmap, withaflashingaspectsothattheitineraryis
easy to distinguish from the other itineraries displayed), and audible (“saying
that” speech act to provide the user with the identity of the itinerary displayed),
with the generation of a deixis so that the user can bring both realizations
together;
- the multimedia presenter asks the natural language generator to
materialize the multimodal deixis by indicating the nature of the display that
has been chosen;
- the natural language generator chooses to carry out a multimodal
reference, “the flashing one” and build a simple sentence around this reference,
“the Meudon-Paris itinerary is the flashing one”;
- the multimedia presenter sends this utterance in a synchronous manner to
the text to speech module and carries out the flashing.
Another possibility would be to choose the demonstrative sentence “here
is the Meudon-Paris itinerary”. This sentence is shorter and more efficient, but
the link between “here” and the flashing is less clear than in “the flashing one”.
9.3.2. Redundancy management and multimodal fission
If the multimedia presenter wishes to accentuate the presentation of an
object such as the Meudon-Paris itinerary, it can decide to display a text
message “Meudon Paris” on the given itinerary at the same time as it
generates the oral utterance “here is the Meudon-Paris itinerary”. In that case,
the choice falls within the scope of redundancy. The point is that if one of the
communication channels is not working correctly, the other can help
compensate. Moreover, as an increasing amount of information is generated,
there are more chances for the user to perceive it. In the same way, as the
information is increasingly marked, there are more chances for the user to
remember it, as we saw with the notion of pregnance. However, redundancy is
not necessarily a systematic advantage: too many messages do not incite the
user to maintain his/her attention on the issue in question. As it is often said,
too much information kills the information. Moreover, too many messages
increase the processing and thus reaction time, and if they are not well
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