Biomedical Engineering Reference
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Fig. 17 3D lCT image of the femoral neck cortex in females: a the porosity is 8.66%. b the
porosity is 23.72% (Presented by Bousson et al. [
141
] in ASBMR)
Fig. 18 Age-related changes
in intracortical porosity of the
mid-shaft of human femur did
not differ between genders.
The means for subjects are
classified by decade. N
denotes the number of
subjects in each decade.
Feik et al. [
142
]
neck and intertrochanter [
105
]. Using a high resolution CT system with synchrotron
radiation, the porosity of female femoral neck cortex was observed to change
with age from about 5.0 to 39% of the total cortical bone volume (Fig.
17
)[
141
].
In another study, the average porosity of femoral diaphyses increased from *5% in
young adults to over 9% in the elderly, although there were no significant gender
differences (Fig.
18
)[
142
]. In addition, the porosity in humerus increased from 4% at
40 years of age to 10% and more at age 80 in both women and men [
108
].
5.1.3 Mineralization
There is some evidence of gender differences in bone mineralization with age,
although not all studies support a gender effect. An early study indicated that the
areal BMD of total body is greater for men than women, while average tissue
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