Changes in Cortical Bone Mineral and Microstructure with Aging and Osteoporosis - Skeletal Aging and Osteoporosis: Biomechanics and Mechanobiology - page 103

Changes in Cortical Bone Mineral
and Microstructure with Aging
and Osteoporosis
Janardhan Yerramshetty and Ozan Akkus
Abstract Microstructural and nanocompositional changes in bone's fabric with
age and osteoporosis have not been reviewed as much in-depth as the macroscale
changes. This chapter discusses alterations in the size and shape of mineral
crystallites as a function of aging and, also, as result of osteoporosis. The review
also covers the variations in the microstructure, specifically, porosity, fraction of
osteonal bone and collagen orientation. Besides the average values for these
variables, the variation (i.e. heterogeneity) of these variables is also discussed. The
observed results are discussed within the context of changes in the dynamics of
remodeling with age and osteoporosis. Overall, there are discrepancies in the
literature for a significant portion of the variables reported due to a host of issues
such as the lack of statistical power, large scatter inherent in the biological data,
variation of age-range, gender, anatomical region or the methodology employed to
assess a given variable.
J. Yerramshetty
Department of Orthopaedics and Spine Surgery,
Ganga Hospital, Coimbatore 641043, Tamil Nadu, India
e-mail: [e-mail]
O. Akkus ( & )
Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering,
Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106-7222, USA
e-mail: [e-mail]
O. Akkus
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University,
Cleveland, OH 44106-7222, USA
O. Akkus
Department of Orthopaedics, Case Western Reserve University,
Cleveland, OH 44106-7222, USA