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3. When to use a dense or sparse index.
4. When you can set up a covering index to avoid searching actual data rows.
5. When to use clustered indexes.
6. When an index choice will still be beneficial when table updates are considered.
7. When performance is bad and you need to revisit your other design decisions.
Several examples of index selection decisions are then given to illustrate the basic rules.
When joins are used, there are several choices among indexing, depending on
whether the query is high selectivity (returns a large number of rows) or low selectivity
(returns a small number of rows). Simple performance analysis illustrates the conditions
when different indexing strategies are best.
4.6 Literature Summary
Burleson, D. Physical Database Design Using Oracle . Boca Raton, FL, Auerbach Publish-
ers, 2005.
Date, C. J. An Introduction to Database Systems , vol. 1, 8th ed. Boston: Addison-Wesley,
2003.
Elmasri, R., and Navathe, S. B. Fundamentals of Database Systems , 4th ed. Boston:
Addison-Wesley, and Redwood City, CA, 2004.
Garcia-Molina, H., Ullman, J., and Widom, J. Database Systems: The Complete Book .
Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 2001.
Hoffer, J. A., Prescott, M. B., and McFadden, F. R. Modern Database Management , 8th
ed. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 2007.
Hubel, M. A Simple Approach to DB2 Index Redesign. IDUG Solutions Journal, 8(3),
2001 .
Ramakrishnan, R., and Gehrke, J. Database Management Systems , 3rd ed. New York:
McGraw-Hill, 2004.
Rees, S. Index Design for Performance. IDUG-North America, 2004.
Shasha, D., and Bonnet, P. Database Tuning . San Francisco: Morgan Kaufmann, 2003.
Shekhar, S., and Chawla, S. Spatial Databases . Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall,
2003.
Silberschatz, A., Korth, H. F., and Sudarshan, S. Database System Concepts , 5th ed. Bos-
ton: McGraw-Hill, 2006.
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