Adaptive Capacity - Climate Change Adaptation and Development: Transforming Paradigms and Practices - page 78

in parallel, not only in the case-study areas (Jabeen et al. 2010). Doing this allows
them to recover more quickly after hazard impacts.
10 In the slums of Nairobi, Kenya, 'flying toilets' are also used by girls and women as a
strategy to avoid the risk of sexual violence when seeking a public toilet or another
place outside their own home (Amnesty International 2010).
11 Explanation: disaster victims often overstay their welcome. For the hotel owner, this
means increased workload, stolen goods and a feeling of responsibility that prevents
her from evacuating from the island herself.
12 'One householder reported that she took a loan to improve part of her house and
was able to accommodate a small shop where her previously unemployed husband
started to work. She also got increased rent from the better rooms, and within a
year had managed to improve the rest of the house with the extra earnings as well as
being able to send the eldest child to college' (Jabeen et al. 2010:428).
13 Many urban dwellers are pushed into informal employment, which can be a
structural cause or driving force of vulnerability.
14 Note that discouraging a specific (presumably short-term) solution without
considering the entire coping system might result in reduced adaptive capacities.
references
Adger, N. (1996). Approaches to vulnerability to climate change (CSERGE Working Paper
GEC 96-05). Norwich: Centre for Social and Economic Research on the Global
Environment, University of East Anglia; London: University College London.
Adger, N., Arnell, N. and Tompkins, E. (2005). 'Successful adaptation to climate change
across scales'. Global Environmental Change , 15, 77-86.
Adger, W.N., Huq, S., Brown, K., Conway, D. and Hulme, M. (2003). 'Adaptation to
climate change in the developing world'. Progress in Development Studies , 3(3), 179-195.
Ahammad, R. (2011). 'Constraints of pro-poor climate change adaptation in Chittagong
city'. Environment and Urbanization , 23(2), 503-515.
Alam, M. and Rabbani, M. (2007). 'Vulnerabilities and responses to climate change for
Dhaka'. Environment and Urbanization , 19(1), 81-97.
Amnesty International (2010). Risking rape to reach a toilet: women's experiences in the slums
of Nairobi, Kenya . At: http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/info/AFR32/006/2010.
Accessed 4 November 2012.
Audefroy, J. (2011). 'Haiti: post-earthquake lessons learned from traditional construction'.
Environment and Urbanization , 23(2), 447-462.
Ayers, J. and Forsyth, T. (2009). 'Community based adaptation to climate change'.
Environment: Science and Policy for Sustainable Development , 51(4), 22-31.
Barrett, C. and McPeak, J. (2005) 'Poverty traps and safety nets', in A. de Janvry and
R. Kanbur (eds), Poverty, Inequality and Development: Essays in Honor of Erik Thorbecke .
Amsterdam: Kluwer.
Ben Cheikh, H. and Bouchair, A. (2008). 'Experimental studies of a passive cooling roof
in hot arid areas'. Revue des Energies Renouvelables , 11(4), 515-522.
Béné, C., Godfrey Wood, R., Newsham, A. and Davies, M. (2012). Resilience: New utopia
or new tyranny? Reflection about the potentials and limits of the concept of resilience in relation to
vulnerability reduction programmes . IDS Working Paper Vol. 2012 No. 405, CSP Working
Paper No. 006. London: Institute of Development Studies and Centre for Social
Protection.
Carcellar, N., Co, J. and Hipolito, Z. (2011). 'Addressing disaster risk reduction through
community-rooted interventions in the Philippines: experience of the Homeless
People's Federation of the Philippines'. Environment and Urbanization , 23(2), 365-381.