Geoscience Reference
In-Depth Information
table 3.1
Development agency (DA) measures for improved drought tolerance and
climate-change adaptation in Makueni
Measures promoted
Number of
individuals covered by
the programmes in the
study population (%)
Type of DA
Diversification of production
72 (21)
Government
Weather bulletins
294 (86)
Government
Micro-finance
All
Private, Government
Full basket and school feeding
programmes
All
NGO
Rainwater harvesting
34 (10)
NGO
Small-scale irrigation
10 (3)
NGO
Early-maturing or drought-tolerant
crops
All
Government
Drought-tolerant livestock breeds
14 (4)
Government
Agricultural extension services
All
Government
Fodder preservation
All
NGO and community
groups
Farm credit facilities
41 (12)
Private and government
Sustainable sand-harvesting project
for schools
7 (2)
Government
Seed replication and seed banking
10 (3)
Government and NGO
Protection of catchment areas
All
Government
would consider the DA approach as adaptive precisely because the measures are
geared towards minimizing the use of the coping strategies presented in
Figure
approaches even though both aim at reducing the impact of drought on the
households.
Secondly, the set of measures in
Table 3.1
generally fall in the category
of 'hard' measures (Tschakert 2007; Collins and Ison 2009). They not only
incorporate technical measures that are heavily biased towards agriculture, but
also include environmental conservation measures aimed at curbing natural
resource harvesting practices in
Figure 3.1
. Because they are mostly externally
generated, it is not clear how well-adapted they would be for each individual's
needs in terms of gender, age and other socio-demographic characteristics.
Finally, we observed very low replication of DA-promoted activities,
making their positive impact negligible at community level. This also raises
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