Can linking small- and large-scale Farmers enhance adaptive Capacity? - Climate Change Adaptation and Development: Transforming Paradigms and Practices - page 156

in participating communities. This suggests that greater efforts are needed to
empower marginalized groups, and lower the entry costs for poorer households
to participate and that stronger state involvement is needed to ensure that the
benefits of OG schemes are equitably distributed.
The research also uncovered various ways and cases in which OG schemes
have missed opportunities to enhance adaptive capacity, or are potentially
undermining it. Promoting top-down agricultural training approaches that fail
to incorporate local knowledge, extending agricultural credit to smallholders
who produce under rain-fed conditions, and undertaking investments in areas
where there is high competition over land and water resources and where road
and irrigation infrastructure is vulnerable to existing climate variability and
change are notable examples. These findings suggest that further investments
in OG schemes should prioritize two-way learning processes in OG schemes;
promote cooperation between the public and private sectors and civil society;
lobby for greater equity, transparency and sustainability in land and water
use; and seek to expand the benefits, while mitigating the potential risks to
smallholders of participating in OG schemes for smallholder farmers and rural
communities.
notes
1 A new shoot that grows from near the root or crown of sugarcane, after the old
growth has been cut back.
2 Also known as TXD306.
3 In roughly 90 days, compared to 120 or more for traditional varieties.
4 Thobias Sijabaje, RI Manager at KPL, personal communication 2013.
5 N. Mkula, National OG Coordinator, Sugar Board of Tanzania, personal
communication, 2012.
6 M. Mgogo, Tanzanian Sugar Board Zonal Coordinator for sugar farming, personal
communication, 2012.
7 Unpublished records of participants in SRI and loan training activities; participatory
observation in loan trainings, key informant discussions with estate personnel,
extension officers and farmer interviews.
8 Under the period of state socialism in Tanzania referred to in Kiswahili as Ujamaa .
references
Abebe, G. K., J. Bijman, R. Kemp, O. Omta and A. Tsegaye (2013). 'Contract farming
configuration: Smallholders' preferences for contract design attributes'. Food Policy
40(0): 14-24.
Adger, W. N., N. W. Arnell and E. L. Tompkins (2004). 'Successful adaptation to climate
change across scales'. Global Environmental Change 15: 77-86.
AgDevCo and Prorustica (2011). Southern Agricultural Growth Corridor of Tanzania
Investment Blueprint. http://www.sagcot.com/resources/downloads-resources/
Assess Consulting (2011). Environmental Audit Report on Mtibwa Sugar Factory In Lukenge
Village, Mtibwa Ward, Turiani Division, Mvomero District in Morogoro Region. Dar es
Salaam, Tanzania: 91.