Multilevel governance and Coproduction in urban Flood-risk management - Climate Change Adaptation and Development: Transforming Paradigms and Practices - page 126

Coastal Dar es Salaam project. Many of these networks and agencies have come
with funding for smaller and a few larger adaptation projects (policy studies,
risk assessments, workshops), but with relatively limited outreach, except for
investment programmes funded by the World Bank on upgrading (Kiunsi 2013;
Vedeld et al. 2012).
Municipal government: complex structure and weak mandate
Beyond the constraints set by the state level government, the organizational
structure of Dar es Salaam city municipality is complex and multi-layered,
suffering from evident structural deficiencies in terms of both vertical
communication and engagement of sub-city levels and citizens, and horizontal
communication. The municipality is composed of a complex four layered
structure (see Figure 7.1 ) . The city itself is headed by the Dar es Salaam City
Council (DCC) and sub-divided into three autonomous municipal councils
(or municipalities): Kinondoni (531 km 2 ), Ilala (210 km 2 ) and Temeke (652
km 2 ). The City Council lacks powers and resources to undertake substantive
coordination among the municipalities. Kinondoni Municipality includes
almost half the population of the city, and most of its high-income residential
areas. Each municipality is divided into wards (73 wards in total) and sub-wards
or Mtaas (222 in total). However, the three municipalities tend to govern with
limited regard for the City Council and its mandated role as regards coordination.
It would appear that municipal officials act as if they are accountable upwards to
some of the state ministries, and to a lesser degree downwardly accountable to
the wards/sub-wards or the people they are meant to serve (Vedeld et al. 2012;
Kombe and Kreibich 2006; Keyssi 2002). Moreover, the municipalities (here:
Kinondoni Municipality) are responsible for a rather limited set of services,
such as development planning, strategic planning, fire services, solid waste
collection, health/education, social welfare, and environmental management.
The city as such falls under the Dar es Salaam region, which is headed by the
Regional Commissioner.
Centralized adaptation and disaster-risk management
Centralization also characterizes adaptation as a policy field. There is no
substantive institutional 'home' mandated for either adaptation or disaster-risk
management with the Dar es Salaam City Council or the municipality which can
build knowledge and coherence between these two agendas and key planning
and service operations (indicated as critical by Solecki et al. 2011; Birkmann and
von Teichman 2010). This greatly affects the capacity of the municipality to self-
govern within its territory, and provide, regulate or enable these policy areas at
community levels.
Responsibility for climate change adaptation is located within the Ministry of
the Environment of the Vice President's Office. A national strategy for climate