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(a)
(b)
Figure 12.1.
Pulling mannans on living yeast cells (
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
). (a)
A typical force curve showing the pulling of mannan with a concanavalin A-coated
AFM probe. The spring constant of the cantilever was determined as ~0.025
nN/nm; the largest delection of about 9 nm in this igure corresponded to ~225
pN. (b) Mapping of the mannan distribution based on the strongest interactions
with the concanavalin A-coated probe in each area of 3 μm × 3 μm. Maps on three
different areas are given in pairs. The second map in each pair was obtained 10
minutes after the irst map. Each horizontal pair represents successive mapping
results on the same area. Colour code for interaction strength is as follows: red
(0-50 pN), orange (50-100 pN), yellow (100-150 pN), light green (150-200 pN),
dark green (200-250 pN), blue (>250 pN). Reproduced with permission from
Gad
et al.
36
The mean rupture force of the concanavalin A-mannan bond was
approximately in the range of 70-200 pN. The interaction force was reduced
after the addition of free mannose verifying that the measured forces were
speciic for the concanavalin A versus mannan interaction. Using the force
volume mode, they produced force maps of concanavalin A versus mannan
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