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and reliable models to jump from the single-molecule to the multiple binding
of compliant, dynamic bodies that cells are.
109,110
Moreover, a standardized,
objective and probe-independent method to experimentally quantify
multiple molecule cell adhesion under static and dynamic loading is still to
be developed. Thus, improved methodologies and theoretical developments
are required to extrapolate single-molecule measurements to understand the
mechanisms of whole cell adhesion. Being far from clearly understood, cell
adhesion is a ield for future research to which the AFM can still contribute
importantly.
References
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