Effects of the cultivation of genetically modified Bt crops on nontarget soil organisms - Microbial Ecology in Sustainable Agroecosystems - page 180

Table 8.4 Summary of Effects of Cultivation of Bt Crops or Amendment with Bt Proteins on Soil Fungi (continued)

Bt crop/experimental
variable Organism Methods Study location Protein Effect on fungi Source

Fungal community
structure

PCR-DGGE
Sequences of 18S
rRNA genes

Greenhouse
Growth
chamber

Soil cultivated with Bt
maize (Events
MON810 and Nongda
1246*1482) and non- Bt
maize
Soil amended with Bt
and non- Bt maize

Cry1Ab
Cry1A

Neither actively
growing Bt maize nor
soil amended with Bt
maize had a
consistent effect on
fungal community
structure in soil

Tan et al.
(2010)

AMF: Glomus mosseae Trypan blue

staining
Slide-intersect
method

Greenhouse Soil cultivated with Bt

maize (Event Bt 11),
non- Bt maize
(Providence)

Cry1Ab AMF colonization was

reduced in Bt maize
when fertilizer
limited and spore
density high

Cheeke et al.
(2011)

Culturable fungi Colony-forming

units (CFU)

Field Soil cultivated with Bt

and non- Bt cotton

Cry1Ac or
CpTI
protein

Seasonal variation in
numbers of CFUs but
no difference between
Bt or non- Bt cotton

Li et al.
(2011)

Fungal decomposer
communities

T-RFLP Field Litterbags containing

biomass of Bt maize
(Event MON863) or
non- Bt maize

Cry3Bb Minor effect of Bt

maize on fungal
communities but
differences mostly
due to environmental
factors

Xue et al.
(2011)

AMF Trypan blue

staining
Slide-intersect
method

Greenhouse Soil cultivated with 9

paired lines of Bt
maize and non- Bt
maize

Cry1Ab
Cry34/
35Ab1
Cry1Ab+
Cry3Bb1
Cry1F
Cry3Bb1

Lower levels of AMF
colonization in the Bt
maize lines

Cheeke et al.
(2012)

Source: Adapted and updated with permission from Icoz and Stotzky, 2008b.