Effects of the cultivation of genetically modified Bt crops on nontarget soil organisms - Microbial Ecology in Sustainable Agroecosystems - page 178

Table 8.4 Summary of Effects of Cultivation of Bt Crops or Amendment with Bt Proteins on Soil Fungi (continued)

Bt crop/experimental
variable

Organism Methods Study location Protein Effect on fungi Source

AMF Sandwich assay

Trypan blue
staining

Microcosm
Greenhouse

Soil cultivated with or
amended with
residue of Bt maize
(Events Bt 11 and 176)
or non- Bt maize

Cry1Ab Significantly lower

level of AMF
colonization in roots
of Bt maize
Lower AMF
colonization in
Medicago sativa grown
in soil amended with
Bt maize

Castaldini et
al. (2005)

Fungi PLFA

Culturing
technique

Field Soil cultivated with Bt

and non- Bt maize

Cry1Ab No difference in

fungal-to-bacterial
ratio

Xue et al.
(2005)

Fungi Culturing

technique

Microcosm Soil amended with Bt

and non- Bt maize

Cry1Ab No difference in

culturable fungi
between soils
amended with Bt and
non- Bt maize

Flores et al.
(2005)

Fusarium graminearum
Trichoderma atroviride

Culturing
Fungal growth on
maize leaf tissue
Microsatellite-
based PCR,
chemical
fingerprints

Laboratory Purified Bt protein

Soil amended with Bt
maize (Events 176,
MON810) and non- Bt
maize residue

Cry1Ab No effect of Cry1Ab on

fungal growth
Some Bt maize hybrids
differed in volatile
organic composition
compared to their
non- Bt isoline

Naef et al.
(2006)

AMF Trypan blue

staining

Microcosm Soil cultivated with Bt

maize MON810
Bt -variety (MEB307Bt)
and non- Bt maize
(Monumental)

Cry1Ab No difference in

frequency or intensity
of root colonization
between Bt and
non- Bt maize

de Vaufleury
et al. (2007)

(continued)