Agriculture Reference
In-Depth Information
chapter 5
Community composition of soil
organisms under different
wheat-farming systems
Klaus Birkhofer
Lund University
T. Martijn Bezemer
Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW)
Katarina Hedlund
Lund University
Heikki Setälä
University of Helsinki
Contents
5.1.1 Organic farming....................................................................................................... 89
5.1.2 Taxonomic sufficiency 90
5.1.3 Effects on soil organisms ........................................................................................ 91
5.1.3.1 Bacteria and Fungi .................................................................................... 91
5.1.3.2 Nematoda ................................................................................................... 92
5.1.3.3 Enchytraeidae ............................................................................................ 93
5.1.3.4 Generalist predators ................................................................................. 94
5.1.1 Organic farming
Agricultural land under organic management globally constitutes around 30.4 million
hectares out of 4676.9 million hectares total agricultural land (0.64%; Willer et al. 2008),
and wheat was fourth among crops in world production in 2008 (FAOSTAT 2011). The
term
organic farming
dates back prior to 1940, when it was defined as a way to improve soil
89
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