Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
d
n
4
y
3
n
g
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4
Figure 6.7
Preparation of polymersomes from PEG-b-PCL and DEX-b-PCL by
''phase-guided
al.
44
assembly''.
(Reproduced
from
Zhang
et
with
permission from Elsevier.)
Montemagno reported ATP-producing cellular mimetic proteopolymersomes
in which ATP had been generated by coupling reactions between bacter-
iorhodopsin, a light-driven transmembrane proton pump, and F
0
F
1
-ATP
synthase motor protein, reconstituted in polymersomes.
46
These hybrid
proteopolymersomes are interesting as artificial organelles for in vitro
investigation of cellular metabolism as well as for synthesis of functional
smart materials. Nolte et al. reported PS-PIAT polymersome nanoreactors
containing tandem CALB, GOX, and HRP enzymes whose activities were
coupled.
47
Meier et al. reported the design of artificial cell organelles based on
polymersomes encapsulated with a set of enzymes, which entered the cells in a
target-specific fashion and showed intact biochemical functionality in the
cellular environment.
48
Deming and co-workers prepared biomimetic pH-responsive polymersomes
based on an amphiphilic ethylene glycol-modified polyleucine-b-polylysine
copolypeptide, in which vesicle size and structure were dictated in a manner
similar to viral capsids, essentially by the ordered conformations of
polypeptides.
49
In a following work, polyleucine-b-polyarginine copolypeptide
was designed to form biomimetic polymersomes, in which polyarginine not
only directed vesicle formation but also facilitated intracellular trafficking of
polymersomes due to its mimicking of protein transduction domains (PTDs).
50
In an effort to mimic viral capsids, Lecommandoux and co-workers designed
polysaccharide-b-polypeptide (simple glycoprotein analog) copolymer vesi-
cles.
51
The same authors reported glycopeptide-based biologically active
polymersomes, with bioactive galactose units in the shell showing selective
lectin binding.
52
Interestingly, biomimetic polymersomes using hyaluronan as
