Film - A Practical Guide to Video and Audio Compression - page 69

Figure 4-24 Severely fogged 8mm film.

Table 4-3 describes the different kinds of damage shown in Figure 4-25. The item
numbers in the table correspond to the numbers in the figure.

4.13.5 Dust and Scratches

A better-quality transfer will be achieved if the dust is cleaned off to start with. Figure 4-26
shows an example with some dust and scratches.
Because film is often passed through various positive and negative stages, dust will
appear as white or black dots. Any dust on the negative will cause a white dot on the final
output, and this is far more annoying than a dust particle on the positive film. Hairs in the
gate of the telecine unit are also very annoying.

4.13.6 Severe Damage

Damage in the form of bad splices, tears, broken sprocket holes, and peeled emulsion
require manual restoration to be applied. Once the film has been captured into the