Geography Reference
In-Depth Information
Tabl e 6. 2
Route directions generated by the system of Dethlefs et al., taken
Turn-by-turn directions
Follow Swan Street to Richmond South Post Office for 52 m. Take a left after the
Richmond South Post Office, and take a right at Woodlawn Street. At this point,
go past a car park on the left. Cross the next junction at Normanby Place, and
cross the next junction at Moorhouse Road. This will then lead onto Wellington
Parade. Go straight over junction. Cross the next junction, when you get to Vale
Street. Go into East Melbourne. Take a slight left after the East Melbourne Post
Office. At this point, go past traffic lights on the right. Head straight over
junction, and take a turn after the traffic lights. Take a left before the Barbecue,
and after the Barbecue, take a slight right. At this point, pass the Richmond
Cricket Ground on the left and continue for 62 m
Destination descriptions
Head to the East Melbourne Post Office that is on Wellington Parade. Take
Rotherwood Street and then go over Wellington Parade. You will come to the
Richmond Cricket Ground
You can observe that there is a lot of linguistic variation in the turn-by-turn
directions. They are also much more verbose than those of the CORAL or kiosk
systems. Indeed, people had some difficulties realizing that these route directions
were machine-generated (see Sect.
6.4
for further discussion). You can also see
that the system may refer to slightly odd landmarks, such as a barbecue. Public
barbecues are placed in many parks in Australia, but they are significantly smaller
than, say, buildings, making them rather unlikely candidates for landmark references
in route directions for longer routes.
This last example, and also the example of the CORAL system at the beginning,
highlight again that computational systems depend on data sets that contain a
sufficient number of potential landmark candidates in order to produce useful
references to landmarks sufficiently often.
A simple way of dealing with this data issue is to restrict the system to a specific
location. The SpaceBook project, for example, develops a tourist information
system integrates navigation instructions and the provision of tourist information
about relevant POIs into a single dialog. Navigation instructions incorporate
references to landmarks—both the tourist POIs as well as other salient buildings,
such as restaurants. The data is taken from a city model spatial database that contains
information about thousands of objects in Edinburgh (according to the authors).
The data has been compiled from existing sources, such as OpenStreetMap, Google
presented in the next sections of this chapter.
3
https://www.google.com/business/placesforbusiness/
,
last visited 8/1/2014.
4
http://www.scottish-places.info/
,
last visited 8/1/2014.
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