Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 3.1
Biomarker classifications by assay categories
Specimens
Markers
Assay platform
Examples
Tumor tissue
Genetic
alteration
∑
Mutation
PCR based single or multi-gene platform;
Whole genome sequencing;
Whole exome sequencing
∑
EGFR mutation;
BRAFV600E; KRAS
∑
Gene copy loss or gain
FISH, CGH
∑
HER2, PTEN
∑
Translocation
FISH, PCR
∑
EML4-ALK
RNA
∑
Gene expression profile
Microarray;
In situ hybridization
∑
OncoType Dx
Protein
∑
In situ analysis
IHC
∑
C-MET
∑
Lysate
Proteomics ELISA
Imaging
∑
Proliferation
FLT-PET
∑
Metabolism (glycolysis)
FDG-PET
∑
Drug distribution
14
C-,
128
In- or other tracer-labeled drug
128
In-trastuzumab
entity
Blood
CTC
∑
Numbers and markers
Circulating
DNA
Protein
∑
ELISA
∑
Proteomics
PBMC DNA
∑
Germline DNA polymorphism
Genome wide or specific gene based
∑
UGR1A1
∑
Germline mutation
