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tematised according to various points of view.
The analysis can be performed by the layers of
the layer construction of the roof insulation and
water-proofing or according to the contribution
to the creation of the roof insulation (e.g. material
manufacturing, planning, execution, operation),
but it can be carried out according the so called
weak points, details of the structural nodes.
Before introducing the diagnostic procedures
and testing methods applied for the flat roof
construction it is reasonable to determine some
principles (Koppány & Graf 1985) in connection
with the examinations as follows:
continuities (damages) on the water proofing of
direct layer order has generally no difficulty. In
case of quick examination the condition of the
roof water-proofing is determined basically with
visual examination, completed with a deteriorate
free instrumental measurement if necessary (see
Figure 7).
For comprehensive examinations the procedure
covers the all structural and complementary ele-
ments of the roof. The condition, load capacity,
deformation of the bare floor should be examined,
the building physical properties of the floor struc-
ture, etc. should be evaluated.
There are a lot of interesting data from the exami-
nation of 60 flat roof constructions (see Figure 8).
This figure shows the characteristics of frequency
of the typical defects at the examined old flat roofs.
The greatest number of defects were in the expan-
sion joints area, nearly fifty percentage. The age
of the examined roofs was on average 20 years.
The roofs of the older industrial building had the
worst condition, most of them were in bad repair.
So in order to maintain the condition, safe and
durability of the flat roof water-proofing and in-
sulation all significant factors should be examined
even with a deterioration examination if necessary.
It can happen that the diagnostics are started with
a visual examination performed within the frame
of a quick examination and to determine exactly
the causes of the abnormalities, defects observed
during the examination a complex examination is
required.
the examination mustn't inhibit the proper
use of the building;
the examination should be quickly per-
formable with easily usable tools;
during the whole process of the examina-
tion the least possible damage can come
out in the flat roof water-proofing;
if the destructing examination is unavoid-
able it can cover the least possible area and
the place of sampling should be immedi-
ately repairable (in a waterproof way).
The diagnostic work can consist of several
phases - which are important from the end point
of view. At first before the examination on the
spot it is reasonable to inform on the basic data,
structures and building conditions of the building
to be examined. In case of old roof it is not always
possible since the plans and other documents could
get lost and they cannot be often reconstructed.
In a significant part of the cases the structural
character, layer construction, the used materials
and the technologies should be identified during
the examination on the spot.
During the visual examination the visual
failures should be discovered then the analysis
of the operation of the structure can lead to the
determination of the more complex causes of
the failures. During the visual examination the
identification of the place of leak for large dis-
concLuSIon
In the paper is reported the development and
structure of a field based survey methodology
by the research group at the Széchenyi István
University as practical diagnostic decision sup-
port tools. The new system was developed for
the one of the biggest building holder-operator
organisation in Hungary. The diagnostic system
firstly based on a visual examination on the spot.
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