An Assessment Technique for Postural Loading on the Upper Body (LUBA) - Fundamentals and Assessment Tools for Occupational Ergonomics - page 813

TABLE 43.1 Joint Motions Measured in this Study

Joint Motion

Joint Sitting Posture Standing Posture

Wrist Flexion Flexion

Extension Extension

Radial deviation Radial deviation

Ulnar deviation Ulnar deviation

Elbow Flexion Flexion

Supination Supination

Pronation Pronation

Shoulder Flexion Flexion

Extension Extension

Adduction Adduction

Abduction Abduction

Medial rotation Medial rotation

Lateral rotation Lateral rotation

Neck Flexion Flexion

Extension Extension

Rotation Rotation

Lateral bending Lateral bending

Lower back Flexion Flexion

Rotation Extension

nm Rotation

Lateral bending Lateral bending

nm: not measured.

which is 1.0. The developed relative discomfort score scheme is presented in Table 43.2 through
Table 43.6, which are classified by the joints involved in motions.
As shown in Table 43.2 through Table 43.6, the relative discomfort scores are almost identical for both
sitting and standing postures, and increase drastically when the joints approach the limit of their ROM.
The results also showed that back movements were perceived as more stressful than any other joint
motion. Specifically, the back extension of (with a relative discomfort score of 15) in the standing

posture was the most stressful of all the joint motions examined.

30 8

.

TABLE 43.2 Postural Classification Scheme for the Wrist

Posture and Discomfort Score

Sitting Posture Standing Posture

Joint Motions Class Relative Discomfort Score Class Relative Discomfort Score

Flexion 0-208 1 0-208 1

20-608 2 20-608 2

. 608

5

. 608

5

Extension 0-208 1 0-208 1

20-458 2 20-458 2

. 45 8 7 . 45 8 7

Radial deviation 0-10 8 1 0-10 8 1

10-30 8 3 10-30 8 3

. 30 8 7 . 30 8 7

Ulnar deviation 0-10 8 1 0-10 8 1

10-20 8 3 10-20 8 3

20 8 6 20 8 6

. .