Rest Allowances - Fundamentals and Assessment Tools for Occupational Ergonomics - page 749

38
Rest Allowances

38.1 Introduction . ............................ 38-1

38.2 Time Standard Concept .................... 38-1

38.3 Personal Allowances . . ..................... 38-2

38.4 Delay Allowances ......................... 38-2

38.5 Machine Allowances . . ..................... 38-2

38.6 ILO Fatigue Allowances .................... 38-2

Physical Fatigue Allowances † Mental Fatigue
Allowances † Environmental Fatigue
Allowances † Overview of ILO Fatigue Allowances
38.7 Temporal Aspects of Fatigue ................. 38-7

Cardiovascular System † Musculoskeletal
System † Brain † Sleep / Biological Clock
38.8 Fatigue Guidelines . . . ..................... 38-11
Guideline 1: Have a Work Scheduling Policy † Guideline 2:
Optimize Stimulation During Work † Guideline 3: Minimize
the Fatigue Dose † Guideline 4: Use Work Breaks † Guideline
5: Use Frequent Short Breaks † Guideline 6: Maximize the
Recovery Rate † Guideline 7: Increase the Recovery

Stephan Konz
Kansas State University

/ Work

Ratio

38.1 Introduction

The chapter is divided into two major parts. The first part (Section 38.2 to Section 38.6) gives numerical
allowances for time standards for various tasks from the International Labor Organization (ILO).
Although the ILO values are logical, the values are subject to many questions.
The second part (Section 38.7 and Section 38.8) gives general guidelines for fatigue.

38.2 Time Standard Concept

Beginning in the 1920s, the concept of a time standard for repetitive production work was initiated:

Normal time ¼ (Observed time)(Rating)

That is, the time study technician recorded the time the worker took to do the job (observed time) and
multiplied the observed time by a pace rating to determine the normal time of an experienced operator to
do the job. Standard data tables from systems such as MTM are normal time.

This chapter is a concise version of material from Konz and Johnson (2004).

38-1