Civil Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
TABLE 36.9 Modified SGT Task Elements
SGT
Task Elements
Context for Assigning SGT and
Task Element
Information Requirements
Act
Perform as part of a procedure or
subsequent to a decision made
about changing the system
Action points and order; current,
alternative, and target states;
preconditions, outcomes,
dependencies, halting, recovery
indicators
A1 Activate
Make subunit operational: switch
from off to on
Temporal
/
stage progression, outcome
activation level
A2 Adjust
Regulate the rate of operation of
a unit maintaining “on” state
Rate of state of change
A3 Deactivate
Make subunit nonoperational:
switch from on to off
Cessation descriptor
Exchange
To fulfill a recording requirement
To obtain or deliver operating value
Indication of item to be exchanged,
channel for confirmation
E1 Enter
Record a value in a specified location
Information range (continuous,
discrete)
E2 Extract
Obtain a value of a specified
parameter
Location of record for storage and
retrieval; prompt for operator
Navigate
To move an informational state for
exchange, action, or monitoring
System
state structure, current
relative location
/
N1 Locate
Find the location of a target value
or control
Target information, end location
relative to start
N2 Move
Go to a given location and search it
Target location, directional descriptor
N3 Explore
Browse through a set of locations
and values
Current
next
previous item
/
/
categories
Monitor
To be aware of system states that
determine need for navigation,
exchange, and action
Relevant items to monitor; record of
when actions were taken; elapsed
time from action to the present
M1 Monitor
to detect
deviance
Routinely compare system state
against target state to determine
need for action
Normal parameters for comparison
M2 Monitor
to anticipate
cue
Compare system state against target
state to determine readiness for
known action
Anticipated level
Monitor
transition
Routinely compare state of change
during state transition
Template against which to compare
observed parameters
Source: Ormerod, T. C. and Shepherd, A. (2003). In D. Diaper and N. A. Stanton (Eds), The Handbook of Task Analysis for
Human-Computer Interaction, pp. 347-366. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. With permission.
complete the job in hand. Klein et al. (1996) suggested that reduced staffing at the command posts would
contribute to speed and quality improvements in the decisions made.
36.6.3.13 Team Task Analysis
Team task analysis (TTA) is a technique that is used to provide a description of tasks distributed across a
team and the requirements associated with the tasks in terms of operator knowledge, skills, and abilities.
Typically, TTA is used to inform team task design, team training procedures, and team performance
measurement. TTA aims to analyze team-based scenarios by gathering data regarding teamwork and
taskwork. The TTA procedure is an exhaustive one, involving a requirements analysis, task analysis, a
coordination demands analysis, the identification of teamwork tasks, and the specification of the knowl-
edge, skills, abilities, and attitudes required to perform the tasks.
36.6.3.14 Interview and Observational Analysis
Finally, interviews and observations are examples of traditional knowledge elicitation techniques that are
typically used during CTA applications. Observations of the tasks or scenarios under analysis are
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