Civil Engineering Reference
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Both types of reviews can be conducted using paper or functional prototypes, thus making it possible
to complete them at different times during the design process. In addition, designers, experts in human-
centered design and subject matter experts can all participate in such evaluations, each providing their
particular insights into potential user behaviors.
The strength of these two complementary approaches is that they guide evaluators to focus on context-
specific predictions of user behaviors, and they make explicit important questions to ask as part of the
prediction process. By doing so, they provide structure to the evaluation process, helping to ensure that
the users' underlying cognitive processes are considered and that important principles for effective design
are followed. Thus, the theme of this chapter is that one important perspective is to view design as a
prediction task, using an understanding of the psychology of the user to guide the identification of poten-
tial weaknesses in a design, so that they can be corrected during the design and implementation process.
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