Civil Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
100
(Schematic)
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
60
90
120
150
180 deg.
0
Enclosed elbow angle
FIGURE 10.7 Relation of elbow angle and elbow torque. (With permission by the publisher from Kroemer et al.,
Ergonomics: How to Design for Ease and Efficiency, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ, 2001. All rights reserved.)
3
2
4
180°
1
150°
7
120°
60°
90°
5
6
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(7)
(6)
Degree of elbow
flexation (deg)
Pull
Push
Up
Down
In
Out
Left
Right
LR L
R
LR
L
R
LR
180
150
120
90
60
222
231
187
133
116
98
96
222
187
160
160
151
40
62
58
80
76
89
58
89
36
62
187
249
67
80
67
89
71
76
89
67
36
151
187
76
107
93
116
98
45
45
53
67
71
71
89
142
165
76
93
116
80
116
107
67
89
80
89
89
FIGURE 10.8
Fifth-percentile arm forces (N) exerted by sitting men. (Adapted from MIL HDBK 759.)
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