Human Dimensions That Drive Soil Degradation - Principles of Sustainable Soil Management in Agroecosystems - page 170

Te mperature
change

Precipitation
change

Climate change

Sea level
rise

Extreme
events

Earth systems

Ecosystems Water

resources

Climate process drivers

Impacts and
vulnerability

Concentrations
Emissions

Greenhouse
gases

Aerosols

Human systems

Food
security

Settlements
and society

Human
health

Governance Health

Literacy

Socioeconomic
development

Equity
Population Te chnology

Production and
consumption
patterns

Socio-
cultural
preferences Trade

Mitigation Adaptation

FIGURE 7.2 Earth and human systems. (From Climate Change 2007: Synthesis Report.
Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Fourth Assessment Report of the
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Figure I.1. IPCC, Geneva, Switzerland.)

Social, economic, and political settings (S)

Resource
system
(RS)

Governance
system
(GS)

Interactions (I) Outcomes (O)

Resource units
(RU)

Users
(U)

Direct causal link Feedback

Related ecosystems (ECO)

FIGURE 7.3 Multitier framework for analyzing social-ecological systems. (From Ostrom,
E., Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 104(39), 15181-15187, Copyright (2007)
National Academy of Sciences, USA.)