Geoscience Reference
In-Depth Information
(a)
Integral wind-induce
d error - Mk2 gage
0.12
k = 1.0
= 1.0
= -1.0
k =
−
1.0
0.10
0.08
0.06
0.04
115
1
10
0.02
v
f
= 5 m s
−
1
v
f
= 5 m s
-1
0.00
0
10
20
30
40
50
Rate of rainfall
P (mm h
−
1
)
(b)
Integral wind-induced e
rror - Hellmann gage
0.12
k = 1.0
= -1.0
= 1.0
k =
−
1.0
0.10
0.08
0.06
115
0.04
110
0.02
v
f
= 5 m s
−
1
v
f
= 5 m s
-1
0.00
0
10
20
30
40
50
Rate of rainfall
P (mm h
−
1
)
Fig. 3.24 Example of calculated wind-induced error for the (a) Mk2, (b) Hellmann, and (c) the tipping bucket
ASta (Automatic Station) precipitation gages, as a function of the rate of rainfall
P
in mm h
−
1
. The
error was calculated for three wind speeds, as indicated, and for two types of raindrop size
distributions, namely orographic (
κ
=
−
1), and thunderstorm (
κ
=
1). (From Nespor and Sevruk,
1999.)