Civil Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 6.4
Steel grid orientations and steel percentages in panels
Steel grid orientation
α
1
(degrees)
Steel percentage in
or
t-
direction (
ρ
l
,or
ρ
t
)
Panel
G-45-0.54
45
0.54
G-45-1.2
45
1.2
G-45-2.7
45
2.7
G-21.8-1.2
21.8
1.2
G-10.2-1.2
10.2
1.2
G-0-0.54
0
0.54
G-0-1.2
0
1.2
G-0-2.7
0
2.7
structures with large stiffness and high energy dissipation capacity, just like flexure-dominant
RC structures.
6.3.8.1 Two Variables (
α
1
and
ρ
)
The steel bar angle (
ρ
t
) of all eight panels are given in
Table 6.4. Each panel label starts out with the letter G” to identify that its cyclic response was
'generated' by the CSMM. The first and second numbers after the G represent the steel bar
angle
α
1
) and the steel percentages (
ρ
,
ρ
t
), respectively. For example, panel G-21.8-1.2 means
that it belongs to the G group of panels, has a steel bar angle of 21.8
◦
α
1
and the steel percentage (
ρ
,
and a steel percentage
of 1.2%.
Steel bar angle
The demonstration panels are reinforced with two layers of steel grids oriented at an angle
α
1
from 0
◦
to 45
◦
, as shown in Figure 6.2(a) and (b), where
α
1
is the angle between the 1-2
principal coordinate system and the
−
t
coordinate of the steel bars. Four values of
α
1
are
considered in this investigation: 45
◦
, 21.8
◦
, 10.2
◦
, and 0
◦
. When the steel bar angle
α
1
is 45
◦
,
the steel grid is set in the direction of the pure shear stresses. When the steel bar angle
α
1
is
0
◦
, the steel grid is oriented in the direction of the principal applied stresses.
Steel percentage
The eight demonstration panels were also designed to isolate the effect of the steel percentage
on the cyclic shear response of RC 2-D elements. The steel percentages in the longitudinal
and transverse directions (
ρ
t
) were kept equal within a panel. The three steel percentages
(in each direction) were 0.54, 1.2 and 2.7%, the values used in the panels tested by Mansour
and Hsu (2005a).
ρ
,
6.3.8.2 Three Series of Panels
The eight demonstration panels given in Table 6.4 provide three series of panels:
