Geology Reference
In-Depth Information
Figure 1. Evolutionary optimization
2003, pp. 125-142). Figure 2a shows acceleration
records of the Kobe-Earthquake (Berkeley 1995).
The total excitation is composed of three dimen-
sional contributions with dominant frequencies
in the size of 1 Hz and lasting for some seconds
(Figure 2b). Accelerations measured go up to
the size of g = 10m/sec 2 or more. In many cases,
some preceding and following smaller pulses are
registered as well (Meskouris and Hinzen 2003,
pp. 80-87).
in highly endangered zones has to withstand all
types of excitation in magnitude and duration to
be expected in the specific zone (Towhata 2008,
pp. 60-83, Bozorgnia and Bertero 2004, pp. 5-5
- 5-14). Therefore a numerical strategy which is
able to deal with all probable types of earthquakes
has to be applied. As transient studies deal with
only one specific loading system per run, the
number of jobs to be done would be very large
if we intend to cover a reasonable range of the
possible excitations. Therefore a harmonic ap-
proach (Chopra 2000, pp. 217-233) seems to be
more promising.
To take into account all or much of the pos-
sible earthquake displacement time histories, we
Interpretation of Earthquake Impact
As there are no specific earthquakes related to
different places on earth, earthquake protection
Search WWH ::




Custom Search