Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Wuchereria) [91]. Wuchereria bancroft and Brugia malayi, together, infect
about 120 million individuals [91]. Most cases occur in Africa and Asia.
Chapter 27, Nematoda
Class Anyclostomadea contains the two species
responsible for nearly all cases of hookworm disease in humans:
Ancylostoma duodenale and Necator americanus. Hookworms infect about
600 million people.
Chapter 29, Chelicerata
Scabies is an exceedingly common, global
disease, with about 300 million new cases occurring annually.
Chapter 29, Chelicerata
Demodex is a tiny mite that lives in facial
skin. Demodex mites can be found in the majority of humans.
Chapter 39, Group I Viruses: double-stranded DNA
The BK polyoma-
virus rarely causes disease in infected patients, and the majority of humans
carry the latent virus.
Chapter 39, Group I Viruses: double-stranded DNA
The JC polyoma-
virus persistently infects the majority of humans, but it is not associated with
disease in otherwise healthy individuals.
Chapter 39, Group I Viruses: double-stranded DNA
Smallpox is
reputed to have killed about 300 million people in the twentieth century,
prior to the widespread availability of an effective vaccine. Smallpox has
been referred to as the greatest killer in human history.
Chapter 41, Group III Viruses: double-stranded RNA
In 2004, rotavi-
rus infections accounted for about a half million deaths in young children,
from severe diarrhea [5].
Chapter 42, Group IV Viruses: single-stranded (
1
) sense RNA
Yellow
fever virus seems to have originated in Africa and spread to other continents
in the mid-seventeenth century. It was responsible for hundreds of thousands
of deaths in North America alone. Today, there are about 200 000 cases of
yellow fever, worldwide, with about 30 000 deaths [134]. Most infections
occur in Africa.
Chapter 42, Group IV Viruses: single-stranded (
More
than 50 million dengue virus infections occur each year, worldwide. Most
infections are asymptomatic or cause only mild disease. A minority of cases
are severe.
Chapter 43, Group V Viruses: single-stranded (
) sense RNA
1
) sense RNA
In 2001,
measles virus accounted for about 745 000 deaths.
Chapter 43, Group V Viruses: single-stranded (
) sense RNA
Seasonal influenza kills between a quarter million and a half million people
worldwide, each year. In the USA seasonal influenza accounts for about
40 000 deaths annually. The global 1917
1918 influenza pandemic caused
somewhere between 50 million and 100 million deaths.
Chapter 45, Group VII Viruses: double-stranded DNA reverse transcrip-
tase viruses
Hepatitis B infects more than 200 million people, worldwide,
causing 2 million deaths each year.
