Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Leprosy, also known as Hansen's disease, is
caused by Mycobacterium leprae and Mycobacterium lepromatosis. In 2005,
there were about 300 000 new cases reported, worldwide [60].
Chapter 17, Euglenozoa
Chapter 14, Actinobacteria
The two infectious genera in Class
Trypanistomida are Leishmania and Trypanosoma. Leishmania species cause
leishmaniasis, a disease that infects about 12 million people worldwide. Each
year, about 60 000 people die from the visceral form of the disease.
Chapter 17, Euglenozoa
Trypanosoma brucei is the cause of African
trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness). The reported numbers of cases are
widely considered to be unreliable, but it has been estimated that infection
with Trypanosoma brucei accounts for about 50 000 deaths each year.
Chapter 17, Euglenozoa
Trypanosoma cruzi is the cause of Chagas dis-
ease, also known as American trypanosomiasis. It affects about 8 million
people [74].
Chapter 19, Apicomplexa
Genus Plasmodium is responsible for human
and animal malaria. About 300
500 million people are infected with
malaria, worldwide. About 2 million people die each year from malaria
[4,76].
Chapter 19, Apicomplexa
The sister genus to Sarcocystis is
Toxoplasma. About one third of the human population has been infected
(i.e.,about 2.3 billion people) by the only species that produces human toxo-
plasmosis: Toxoplasma gondii.
Chapter 22, Amoebozoa
It is estimated that about 50 million people
are infected by Entamoeba histolytica, with about 70 000 deaths per year,
worldwide.
Chapter 26, Platyhelminthes (flatworms)
Fasciolopsiasis is caused by
Fasciolopsis buski, a large (up to 7.5 cm. length) fluke that lives in the intes-
tines of the primary host (pigs and humans). The number of humans infected
is about 10 million.
Chapter 26, Platyhelminthes (flatworms)
Clonorchis sinensis, the
Chinese liver fluke (also known as the Oriental liver fluke) infects about
30 million people.
Chapter 26, Platyhelminthes (flatworms)
Paragonimus westermani,
along with dozens of less frequent species within Genus Paragonimus causes
the condition known as paragonomiasis. About 22 million people are
infected worldwide, with most cases occurring in Southeast Asia, Africa, and
South America.
Chapter 26, Platyhelminthes (flatworms)
About 200 million people are
infected by schistosomes (i.e., have some form of schistosomiasis).
Chapter 27, Nematoda
Ascaris lumbricoides, the cause of ascariasis,
infects about 1.5 billion people worldwide, making it the most common
helminth (worm) infection of humans [90].
Chapter 27, Nematoda
About 150 million people are infected by the
filarial nematodes
(genera Brugia, Loa, Onchocerca, Mansonella, and
