Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Vesiculovirus
*Vesicular stomatitis
*Chandipura
Filoviridae
Marburgvirus
*Marburg virus
Ebolavirus
*Ebola Reston
*Ebola Siena
*Ebola Sudan
*Ebola Zaire
Bornaviridae
*Bornavirus
Class Paramyxoviridae includes the viruses that cause measles (Rubeola or
Morbilli virus) and mumps. Measles remains one of the most fatal virus dis-
ease, in terms of deaths worldwide. In 2001, measles virus accounted for
about 745 000 deaths. Class Paramyxoviridae also includes several viruses
that account for many respiratory diseases, particularly in children: the para-
influenza viruses, respiratory syncytial virus, and (somewhat
less severe,
clinically) human metapneumovirus.
Class Rhabdoviridae includes Rabies virus, a species of lyssavirus (from
Lyssa, the Greek goddess of madness).
Class Filoviridae includes Ebola virus and Marburg virus. Members of
Class Filoviridae infect primates (including humans) and produce potentially
fatal viral hemorrhagic fevers.
Class Bornaviridae contains one species that infects humans, Borna virus.
This virus, which infects a variety of animals, is neurotropic, producing nervous
system inflammation (e.g. meningoencephalitis), neurologic impairment (e.g.
ataxia) and behavior disorders (e.g. excitation or depression) in infected animals.
The role of Bornavirus in humans is undetermined at this time, but
Bornavirus infections have been implicated as a cause of mental illnesses
in humans, including bipolar disorder. It is the only member of Class
Mononegavirales that replicates inside the host nucleus. Bornavirus has recently
gained scientific attention as the only non-retrovirus that has been shown to
integrate (permanently) into the mammalian genome [115]. Inherited fragments
of bornavirus have been found in various types of mammals, suggesting that
bornavirus is not new [113].
Group V (
)ssRNA
Unassigned Classes
Arenaviridae
Lassa virus complex
*Lassa virus (Lassa fever)
