Environmental Engineering Reference
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number of organizations conducting the reconstruction and the lack of basic standards
resulted in a myriad of designs and structures (White 2009 ). Lubkowski et al. ( 2009 )
divided housing types in Aceh into three main categories, namely: “permanent” houses,
which are built from brick and often with reinforced concrete frames, “semi-permanent”
houses, which made of brick and timber, and “traditional” houses with timber structures.
In Aceh, most houses or “core” house are of a minimum size of 36 square meters. In
addition, they frequently have veranda and/or kitchen extensions increasing the
inhabitable space to 48 square meters. Most people in Aceh lived in “permanent”
houses prior to the tsunami, many of which were larger than those being provided after
the disaster. In the case of Alue Deah Tengoh and Lambung villages, we found only
two types of housing, permanent and semi permanent.
5.3.1.1
Lambung Village
Villagers of Lambung have rebuilt their community with the support of the Multi
Donor Fund (MDF). Two of the MDF's Community Recovery programs, the
Community-based Settlement Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Program (CSRRP,
Indonesian acronym Rekompak) and the Kecamatan Development Program (KDP),
fi nanced a community-driven process through which the villagers of Lambung
designed their houses and community infrastructure. The CSRRP program provided
led to a community-driven approach (MDF 2011 ). As part of this scheme, the
village was subject to land consolidation before the construction of new houses.
Land consolidation consisted in a planned readjustment and rearrangement of land
parcels and their ownership. Such strategy is usually carried out in order to form
larger and more rational land holdings. Land consolidation was also used to improve
the rural infrastructure and to implement regional developmental and environmental
policies (Pasakarnis and Maliene 2010 ).
The reorganization of the village layout was initiated through discussions
between the donor representatives and the head of the community. Our interviews
suggest that during the process of land consolidation many problems aroused among
landowners, especially those whose land was divided for the widening and con-
struction of new roads. The implementation of the new layout occupies between 10
and 15 % of the communal land. During the negotiation process, village leaders
have conducted (1) regular meeting with the people of their community; (2) invited
facilitators to explain and convince villagers of the importance of rearrangement of
village with land consolidation; (3) engaged with individuals who refused the
concept of land consolidation; and (4) met intensively with the stakeholders related
to the activities of land consolidation. Finally, after almost 2 years of extensive dis-
cussions and public assembles, everyone fi nally agreed upon the new planning. In
other words, the leadership of village leaders played a critical role in making people
endorse the new concept of Lambung including the total change of the village's
layout and its housing plot arrangement (Fig. 5.2 ). Despite their relative success, we
found that the present plot could better accommodate urban utility services as well
as disaster mitigation plan.
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