Three Years After a Mega-disaster: Recovery Policies, Programs and Implementation After the Great East Japan Earthquake - Post-Tsunami Hazard: Reconstruction and Restoration - page 31

Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 3 and beyond

Recovery Concept
Development

Setting the Stage for
Implementation

Implementing the Recovery
Program

Recovery
Concepts and
Plans

Funding Allocation,
Program Selection
and Negotiations

Implementation and Resettlement

Structural and
Non-Structural
Measures

Implementation/Completion/
Resettlement

Collective Relocation

L1 and L2 tsunami

Land Readjustment
and Land Raising

Implementation/
Completion/Resettlement

Levee Height

Damage Assessment

Rebuilding Strategies Public Housing for

Disaster Survivors

Implementation/Completion/Resettlement

Land Use

Funding Allocation

Fig. 3.2 Three rebuilding phases after the GEJE

when all levels of government, decision makers and scholars were developing
rebuilding concepts, policies and strategies. In this stage, visions and plans for
recovery that incorporate resilience against future tsunamis were created. At the
same time, a national ministry carried out damage assessments in the affected areas
in order to suggest rebuilding strategies that fi t local conditions. The second phase,
in the second year of recovery, was a time during which systems for implementing
recovery and consensus on rebuilding approaches were publicly established. In this
phase, the national Reconstruction Agency became operational, a system was
established for local governments to request national funding, and details about the
implementation of rebuilding became clearer. Finally, in the third phase in the third
year, the majority of recovery programs were selected by the local governments,
including collective relocation, land readjustment and raising, and public housing
projects, and implementation of these have begun. Also in this phase, the recon-
struction of coastal protection, including levees and breakwaters, have progressed
considerably.