Environmental Engineering Reference
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Other material piled up from tsunami debris such as concrete and steel were
found to be unlikely to adversely affect groundwater quality in aquifers (Graham
and Scott 2013 ).
17.2.2.3
Atmosphere Contamination
Debris incineration, handling and demolition may cause atmospheric pollution
(Fig. 17.5 ). Hata et al. ( 2004 , 2006 ) reported that the incineration of large amounts
of disposed CCA-treated wood from rebuilding old houses in Japan (mainly in 1995)
showed almost no arsenic volatilization when processed at high temperatures (1,000 °C).
However, early works stated that zero arsenic release is not feasible (Helsen and Van
den Bulck 2003 ). The same authors ( 2005 ) indicated that a variety of incineration
options including co-incineration, low-temperature pyrolysis and high-temperature
gasifi cation would largely diminish the release of arsenic.
Fine dust is produced when CCA-treated planks are cut or sheered, requiring
workers to use special respiratory and skin protection (Level 2013 ). Sawdust and
shavings release enormous amounts of active elements as a result of a greater surface
area-to-volume ratios.
On the other hand, CCA-treated wood when incinerated produces contaminated
ash, requiring special treatment and or disposal to avoid soil and water contamination
(Matsumoto et al. 2012 ). Burning CCA-treated wood waste (debris and sediments)
has been considered in general to be harmful to the environment (Nakanishi 2011 ).
Fig. 17.5 Air pollution sources from ( a ) shredded debris (gas emissions from anaerobic fermenta-
tion processes); ( b ) incinerator emissions (CO 2 , and other gases); ( c ) demolition (dust and other par-
ticles); ( d ) debris burning (hazardous gases); ( e ) cleanup (dust particles including asbestos)
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