Resilience and Vulnerability Analysis for Restoration After Tsunamis and Floods: The Case of Dwellings and Industrial Plants - Post-Tsunami Hazard: Reconstruction and Restoration - page 239

Fig. 16.5 Risk maps: evolution of damage failure in buildings at three different levels of flooding
(Source: Mebarki et al. 2012 ; in Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci)
Systems Under Study and Their Purposes
The efficiency and adaptability of several existing methods has been investigated,
(Cochran et al. 2007 ; FEMA 2014 ; Hirayama et al. 2010 ; Hsiao et al. 2002 ; Office
of Emergency Services California 2005 ; Tansel et al. 1994 ; Umpierre and Margoles
2005 ). The selected sources concern construction waste which is sometimes subdi-
vided into sub-categories “building finishes”, “structural components” and “founda-
tion materials”. For instance, waste production ratios for several waste categories
(personal belongings, mobile homes) are addressed by the waste management guide
(Office of Emergency Services California 2005 ). In addition, an existing model also
quantifies building and demolition waste, green waste and sediment caused by
cyclones and subsequent flooding, (Umpierre and Margoles 2005 ). However, con-
struction waste is widely considered to be the most important in terms of volume.
For instance, building waste represents half the waste produced by hurricane Katrina
(Dubey et al. 2007 ).
The relationships between a territory, flooding and waste production are com-
plex. This section contributes to clarifying this process by presenting indicators in
order to quantify the quantity of waste depending on flood parameters: water height
and duration.