Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 8
.2
Natural disaster classifi
cations in Thailand
No.
Natural disaster group
Natural disaster
1
Geological disaster
Earthquake, volcanic eruption, land/mudslide, sinkhole, crack
2
Hydrological disaster
Flood, tsunami, storm surge, limnic eruption
3
Meteorological
disaster
Cyclone, onshore cyclone, hailstorm, heat wave, drought, cold
4 Forest fi re
Forest fi re
Source: Ekmahachai
2013
; Thailand National Disaster Warning Center. NDWC
Fig. 8.2
Organization construction diagram of tsunami early warning system in Thailand
According to our analysis, the Organization Construction Diagram of tsunami
early warning system in Thailand is shown in Fig.
8.2
. A tsunami warning classifi -
cation process follows that of earthquakes i.e. 'advisory', 'watch', and 'warning'
with the fi nal state of 'terminate'. The criteria for these warning classifi cation pro-
cess is further described in Table
8.3
.
The organizational process of tsunami early warning system in the country fi rst
considers each organization in the above mentioned four main groups, which moni-
tor the information and makes it available to the organizations related to the warning
system (AT3 in Fig.
8.2
). Thereafter, when the seismic stations detect anomalies
they immediately transfer the earthquake magnitude, water level values, fi eld obser-
vation data, and/or tsunami warning classifi cation through the TMD, EGAT, RID,
and HDRTN.
While the Seismological Bureau of the TMD (A1) is responsible for operating a
seismic network and transferring the earthquake information (AT1) to the NDWC,
the other three (EGAT, RID, and HDRTN) are responsible for the water-level infor-
mation (AT2). Moreover, the NDWC also retrieves the information from the other
named sources (AT3) (Table
8.1
).
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