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but also to failure modes associated with the pier
shear and the abutment deformations were adopted
as the risk occurrence measure, with seismic risk
ultimately corresponding to the probability of
unacceptable performance. The addition of the
dampers was shown to provide considerable risk
reduction, especially with respect to the vulner-
abilities associated with seismic pounding. Results
from the sensitivity analysis demonstrated that the
excitation properties, especially the amplitude of
the pulse component of the ground motion, have
the highest importance in affecting seismic risk
and that the inclusion of the dampers did alter these
sensitivity characteristics to a significant degree.
In closing, it is noted that the proposed method-
ology offers also significant practical advantages
in real seismic design, since the optimal parameters
of the viscous dampers can be efficiently esti-
mated through a probabilistic framework which
incorporates the various sources of uncertainty, as
well as, the various nonlinearities related with the
different bridge components. It is stressed that by
considering the nonlinear damper implementation,
significant performance improvement is achieved
which in general results to more economic design.
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