A Multi-Hazard Framework for Optimum Life-Cycle Cost Design of Reinforced Concrete Bridges - Structural Seismic Design Optimization and Earthquake Engineering - page 103

Kong, J. S., Ababneh, A. N., Frangopol, D. M.,
& Xi, Y. (2002). Reliability analysis of chloride
penetration in saturated concrete. Journal of
Probabilistic Engineering Mechanics , 17 (3),
302-315. doi:10.1016/S0266-8920(02)00014-0

Priestly, M. J. N., Seible, F., & Calvi, G. M. (1996).
Seismic design and retrofit of bridges . USA: John
Wiley and Sons Inc. doi:10.1002/9780470172858

Rodriguez, J., & Ortega, L. M. (1994). Assessment
of structural elements with corroded reinforce-
ment. Corrosion and Corrosion Protection in Con-
crete . Sheffield, UK: Sheffield Academic press.

Lee, H. S., Tomosawa, F., & Noguchi, T. (1996).
Effect of rebar corrosion on the structural perfor-
mance of single reinforced beams. In Lacasse, M.
A., & Vanier, D. J. (Eds.), Durability of building
material and components (pp. 571-580). London,
UK: E & FN Spon.

Saetta, A. V., Schrefler, B. A., & Vitaliani, R. V.
(1993). The carbonation of the concrete and the
mechanism of moisture, heat and carbon dioxide
flow through porous material. Journal of Ce-
ment and Concrete Research , 23 (4), 761-772.
doi:10.1016/0008-8846(93)90030-D

Mander, J. B., & Basoz, N. (1999). Seismic fragil-
ity curve theory for highway bridges. Proceedings
of the 5th US Conference on Earthquake Engi-
neering TCLEE No.16 , (pp. 31-40).

Shinozuka, M., Feng, M. Q., Kim, H.-K., & Kim,
S.-H. (2000b). Nonlinear static procedure for fra-
gility curve development. Journal of Engineering
Mechanics , 126 (12), 1287-1296. doi:10.1061/
(ASCE)0733-9399(2000)126:12(1287)

Mander, J. B., Priestly, M. J. N., & Park, R. (1988).
Theoretical stress-strain model for confined
concrete. Journal of the Structural Division ,
114 (8), 1804-1826. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)0733-
9445(1988)114:8(1804)

Shinozuka, M., Feng, M. Q., Lee, J., & Naanu-
ma, T. (2000a). Statistical analysis of fragil-
ity curves. Journal of Engineering Mechanics ,
126 (12), 1224-1231. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)0733-
9399(2000)126:12(1224)

Martin-Perez, B., Pantzopoulou, S. J., & Thomas,
M. D. A. (2001). Numerical solution of mass
transport equations in concrete structures. Journal
of Computers and Structures , 79 (13), 1251-1264.
doi:10.1016/S0045-7949(01)00018-9

Somerville, P., Smith, N., Punyamurthula, S., &
Sun, J. (1997). Development of ground motion
time histories for Phase 2 of the FEMA/SAC steel
project. SAC joint venture, California, USA.
U.S. Geological Survey . (USGS). Retrieved from
www.usgs.gov

McGee, R. (1999). Modeling of durability per-
formance of Tasmanian bridges. Proceedings of
the ICASP8 Conference , (pp. 297-306). Sydney,
Australia.

Morinaga, S. (1996). Remaining life of reinforced
concrete structures after corrosion cracking. Du-
rability of Building Material and Components (pp.
127-136). London, UK: E & FN Spon.

Val, D., & Stewart, M. G. (2003). Life-cycle cost
analysis of reinforced concrete structures in marine
environments. Journal of Structural Safety , 25 (4),
343-362. doi:10.1016/S0167-4730(03)00014-6

OpenSees Development Team. (2009). OpenSees:
Open system for earthquake engineering simula-
tion. Berkeley, CA, USA.

Val, D. V. (2004). Aspects of corrosion in rein-
forced concrete structures and its influence on
structural safety. Report No. 2002950, National
Building Research Institute.