Chemistry Reference
In-Depth Information
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Figure 6.2
General scheme for the valorisation of reclaimed oils and fats.
A great deal of the mentioned by-products end up as animal feed agent in
different forms. Animal by-products and catering frying oils and its production
side streams (euents water, sludges, etc.). The objective of this chapter is to
evaluate and describe applications for some of these coproducts to be used in
added-value products other than as feed. The main focus of the work is the
study of current and potential technical applications for reclaimed oils and fats
(including frying oils and animal fats animal/animal by-products) and also
biodiesel coproducts such as glycerine. Physical and chemical properties are
generally regarded as the main factor affecting the use of these materials in
added-value applications. However, issues such as regulations, feasibility,
quality, commercial supply and demand, and technical factors play a funda-
mental role in valorisation as shown in Figure 6.2.
6.2 Focus on Reclaimed Oil and Fats
Used cooking oil from various catering facilities and animal by-products
cannot be recycled into the feed supply chain, and are widely considered to have
restricted potential for valorisation (Figure 6.3).
8-10
In the EU, catering waste and animal by-products are justifiably highly
regulated, following the outbreak of the BSE in the late 1990s, restricting their
valorisation potential to non-feed and non-pharma applications. Recent esti-
mations of the amount of UCO annually generated worldwide have proven to
be dicult but previous reports indicate 0.7-1 million tonnes/year are
generated at EU
11
level, with 75-150 000 tonnes/year coming from the UK.
12
According to the University of Minnesota, the US alone produces
approximately 1.5million tonnes/year (including yellow and brown grease)
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and reports estimate some 2-3million tonnes/year of UCO are generated in
China.
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These figures would account for a total UCO generation worldwide of
ca. 5million tonnes/year. In addition, more than 12m tonnes of rendered
animal fat and grease are produced per annum worldwide (3million tonnes per
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