Green Chemistry and the Biorefinery - The Economic Utilisation of Food Co-Products - page 17

Table 1.6 A selected list of phytochemicals found in various biomass. 16

Name Source Uses

Terpenoids /Isoprenoids
Carotenoid Terpenoids
Lycopene

d n 9 r 3 n g | 1

Tomatoes Cholesterol reducing,

suppresses tumour
growth, antioxidant

Beta-Carotene Carrots, Pumpkin Cornea protection

Alpha-Carotene Carrots, Pumpkin Anticarcinogenic

Lutein Kale, spinach, watercress

and parsley

Eye protection

Zeaxanthin Kale, spinach, watercress

and parsley

Eye protection

Astaxanthin Fish Powerful antioxidant

Noncarotenoid Terpenoids
Perillyl Alcohol Cherries, Mint Anticarcinogenic

Saponins Chickpeas, Soybeans Removes cholesterol,

anticolon cancer

Terpeneol Carrots Anticarcinogenic

Terpene Limonoids Orange peel Anticarcinogenic

Polyphenolics
Flavonoid Polyphenolics
Anthocyanins

Blueberries, blackberries,
black raspberries

Endothelial cell protection

Catechins Tea leaf, Chocolate Anticarcinogenic

Isoflavones Soy beans Anticarcinogenic,

Cholesterol reducing

Hesperetin Citrus fruits Antioxidant,

anticarcinogenic

.

Naringin Grapefruit Cholesterol reducing

Rutin Asparagus, buckwheat,

citrus fruits

Anti-inflammatory,
Strengthens capillaries

Quercetin Apple skins, red onion Antihistaminic, antioxidant,

blood thinner

Silymarin Artichokes, milk thistle Antiatherosclerotic,

antioxidant,
anticarcinogenic

Tangeretin Tangerines Strong anticarcinogenic

Punicalagin Pomegranate Antioxidant,

anti-inflammatory

Phenolic Acids
Ellagic Acid Raspberries, strawberries Reduces esophagal and

colon cancer

Chlorogenic Acid Blueberries, tomatoes and

bell peppers

Antioxidant

P-Coumaric Acid Red/Green bell peppers Antioxidant

Phytic Acid Legumes, whole grain Reduces cancer growth,

reduces blood-sugar levels

Ferulic Acid Brown rice, whole wheat,

oats

Antioxidant,
anticarcinogenic

Vanillin Vanilla bean Antioxidant,

anti-inflammatory