Food Waste and Catering Waste; Focus on Valorisation of Used Cooking Oil and Recovered Triglycerides - The Economic Utilisation of Food Co-Products - page 113

-2H Ac-CoA

GLYCINE L-SERINE

Ketoglutarate
dehydrogenase

CH 3 OH CH 2 O

Alcohol
Dehydrogenase

Serintranshydroximethylase

Tricarboxilic acids
cycle

d n 9 r 3 n g | 0

METHANOL

FORMALDEHYDE

-2H OH

OH

O

O O

OH

HO P Ac-CoA

PIRUVATE

O

HO

d y y f n n 3 .

P

Glycolysis

GLYCEROL Phosphorilation and

dehydrogenation

GLYCERALDEHYDE 3-
PHOSPHATE

Scheme 6.6 Biochemical routes involved for the carbon source in denitrification
processes.

recently patented the application of biodiesel glycerine in cement manufacture,
where they established certain parameters for the composition, glycerol,
MONG (material organic nonglycerol, i.e. organic compounds different from
glycerol) and salt content. 125
Production of alkyd resins: High-grade biodiesel glycerine has been employed
in the production of alkyd aromatic resins. Glycerol is introduced into a phenol
resin along with compounds such as polyvinylalcohol (PVA) using different
acid catalysts. Not only does the use of glycerol improve the structural
performance of the resin, but it also reduces cost. A purification process of
biodiesel glycerine is usually required and in some of the examples for resin
preparation, the residual methanol present in the parent glycerine is removed in
the curing process. 126
Solvent/Reaction media: recent studies have shown the potential for using
biodiesel glycerine media in a number of chemical reactions. The preliminary
research has shown increasing conversion and/or selectivity for trans-
formations such as condensations, bioreductions or epoxide opening reactions.
The authors of this work justify this fact by regarding the effects of some of the
impurities present

in crude glycerol as beneficial (surfactant activity of

carboxylate species, solubility, etc.). 127

6.6.5 Chemical Conversions of Glycerine
Some of the previously mentioned applications for glycerine allow biofuel
producers to increase commercial margins on two fronts: by avoiding disposal
and also by profiting from a biodiesel-coproduct. In the years 2000 and 2010 in
the US National Renewable Energy Laboratory Report, glycerol was
considered among the top platform chemicals for the production of added-
value chemicals. 128 The structure of the compound and its versatility of
chemistry indicate the potential of the compound to become the platform for a
large number of industrial processes, depending on the availability of its supply,