Civil Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
FIGURE 16-6
Vindeby offshore wind farm in Denmark. (Source: Vestas Wind Systems, Denmark. With per-
mission.)
TABLE 16-3
European Wind Energy Association Target
for the Future
Installed wind
capacity target
Annual
growth rate
Year
1997 (actual)
4,425 MW
Reference
2000
8,000 MW
21.8 percent
2010
40,000 MW
17.5 percent
2020
100,000 MW
10 percent
(Source: Wind Directions, Magazine of the Eu-
ropean Wind Energy Association, London. With
permission.)
The environmental benefit is generally the primary contributing factor to
the development of the wind and pv systems. Wind plants, however, intro-
duce one area of concern on birds and their habitat. The Avian bird issue in
