The Rise of the American System - Liberal Leviathan: The Origins, Crisis, and Transformation of the American World Order - page 150

22 Leffler, “American Conception of National Security,” 358.
23 CIA, “Review of the World Situation as Its Relates to the Security of the United States,” 26 September 1947,
quoted in Leffler, “American Conception of National Security,” 364.
24 See John Gerard Ruggie, “International Regimes, Transactions, and Change: Embedded Liberalism in the Post-
war Economic Order,” in Stephen D. Krasner, ed., International Regimes (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press,
1983); and Robert Gilpin, The Political Economy of International Relations (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University
Press, 1987), 131-34. See also Mark Blyth, Great Transformations: Economic Ideas and Institutional Change in the
Twentieth Century (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2002).
25 See Douglas Brinkley and David R. Facey-Crowther, eds., The Atlantic Charter (London: Macmillan, 1994).
26 Daniel Yergin notes the moment during World War II when the term “national security” made its appearance
in Washington. “In the autumn of 1945, civilian and military heads of the different services trooped up to Capital
Hill to testify before the Senate committee on the question of unification of the military services. Whereas in an
earlier round of such hearings, in spring 1944, 'national security' barely came up at all; in these 1945 hearings, a
year and a half later, the policymakers constantly invoked the idea as a starting point. 'Our national security can
only be assured on a very broad and comprehensive front,' argued the most forceful advocate of the concept, Navy
Secretary James Forrestal. 'I am using the word “security” here consistently and continuously rather than defense.'
'I like your words “national security,'” Senator Edwin Johnson told him.” See Daniel Yergin, Shattered Peace: The
Origins of the Cold War and the National Security State (New York: Houghton Mifflin, 1977), 194.
27 Quoted in Julian E. Zelizer, Arsenal of Democracy: The Politics of National Security—From World War II to
the War on Terrorism (New York: Basic Books, 2010), 55.
28 For accounts of these negotiations, see Richard Gardner, Sterling-Dollar Diplomacy in Current Perspective
(New York: Columbia University Press, 1980); Armand Van Dormael, Bretton Woods: Birth of a Monetary System
(London: Macmillan, 1978); and Eckes, Search for Solvency .
29 Jacob Viner, “Objectives of Post-War International Economic Reconstruction,” in William McKee and Louis
J. Wiesen, eds., American Economic Objectives (New Wilmington, PA: Economic and Business Foundation, 1942),
168 30 See G. John Ikenberry, “Creating Yesterday's New World Order: Keynesian 'New Thinking' and the Anglo-
American Postwar Settlement,” in Judith Goldstein and Robert O. Keohane, eds., Ideas and Foreign Policy: Beliefs,
Institutions, and Political Change (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1993), 57-86.
31 For accounts of the rise of state economic management in the postwar Western industrial democracies, see
Andrew Shonfield, Modern Capitalism: The Changing Balance of Public and Private Power (Oxford: Oxford
University Press, 1966); and Frieden, Global Capitalism .
32 Frieden, Global Capitalism , 279.
33 See Tony Smith, “National Security Liberalism and American Foreign Policy,” in Michael Cox, G. John Iken-
berry, and Takashi Inoguchi, eds., American Democracy Promotion: Impulses, Strategies, and Impacts (New York:
Oxford University Press, 2000); and Ikenberry, “Creating America's World: The Domestic Sources of Postwar Lib-
eral Internationalism,” unpublished paper, 2006.
34 See chapter 3 for an elaboration of this logic, and see also Ikenberry, After Victory .
35 In his exhaustive study of 1920s Euro-Atlantic conference diplomacy, Patrick Cohrs observes that “what
emerged in the 1920s prefigured in many, yet by no means all, respects the rules and foundations of hegemonic pa-
cification, collective security and concerted efforts at Europe's reconstruction that would foster the more permanent
stability achieved after World War II.” See Patrick O. Cohrs, The Unfinished Peace after World War I (Cambridge:
Cambridge University Press, 2006), 619. See also David E. Kaiser, Economic Diplomacy and the Origins of the Se-
cond World War: Germany, Britain, France, and Eastern Europe (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1980);
and Robert A. Divine, Second Chance: The Triumph of Internationalism in America during World War II (New
York: Atheneum, 1971).