Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Met: HGF/SF receptor.
MLP-29: Mouse liver progenitor cell.
Nested model: Mathematical framework where the information flows in a
vertical fashion between submodels operating at different scales. Specif-
ically, the parameters of the CPM are obtained as output of subcellular
models related to protein and genetic networks.
Hybrid model: Mathematical framework characterized by the copresence of
both continuous and discrete models usually operating in the same spatial
domain. Specifically, CPM parameters may be linked to the evolution of
concentration of chemicals diffusing in the extracellular environment.
Kolmogorov-Smirnov test (K-S test): In statistics is a nonparametric
test for the equality of continuous, one-dimensional probability distribu-
tions that can be used to compare either a sample with a reference prob-
ability distribution (one-sample KS test), or to two samples (two-sample
KS test). In particular, in the first case, the Kolmogorov-Smirnov statistic
quantifies the distance between the empirical distribution function of the
sample and the cumulative distribution function of the reference distri-
bution, whereas in the second case, the distance between the empirical
distribution functions of two samples is quantified. The null distribution
of this statistic is calculated under the null hypothesis that the sample
is drawn from the reference distribution (in the one-sample case) or that
the samples are drawn from the same distribution (in the two-sample
case). In both cases, the distributions considered under the null hypoth-
esis are continuous (i.e., otherwise they are unrestricted). In particular,
the two-sample K-S test is one of the most useful and general nonpara-
metric methods for comparing two samples, as it is sensitive to differences
in both location and shape of the empirical cumulative distribution func-
tions of the two samples. In the special case of testing for the normality of
the distribution, samples are standardized and compared with a standard
normal distribution. This is equivalent to setting the mean and variance of
the reference distribution equal to the sample estimates, and it is known
that using these to define the specific reference distribution changes the
null distribution of the test statistic.
Monte Carlo Step: Basic unit of time of the CPM.
Nitric oxide (NO): Also known as nitrogen monoxide, it is an important
cellular signaling molecule involved in many physiological and patholog-
ical processes. Nitric oxide, known also as the \endothelium-derived re-
laxing factor", or EDRF, is biosynthesized endogenously from L-arginine,
oxygen, and NADPH by various nitric oxide synthase (NOS) enzymes.
Reduction of inorganic nitrate may also serve to make nitric oxide. The
endothelium (inner lining) of blood vessels uses nitric oxide to signal the
Search WWH ::
Custom Search