Agriculture Reference
In-Depth Information
or buffalo milk into curd and churning out butter, followed
by heat clarifi cation at 105-145°C. In Iran it is called
Kashk or dried butter.
Sweet products are made from goat milk and are very
popular in Mexico, Norway, and India. The Caheta, pro-
duced in high quantity in Mexico, is a thick liquid of cara-
melized milk with sugar added. It is sold as liquid or dried
as small tarts. Other sweet “dulces” are made of goat milk
in Latin American countries in a similar way. Brown goat
cheese, “gjetost,” is produced in Norway by cooking and
caramelizing goat whey into hard sweet cakes. Other whey
cheeses are popular in Italy and Greece.
Cosmetic products made from goat milk such as goat
milk soap, hand lotion, etc., have been increasingly popular
and commercially produced in high volumes in the U.S.
and other countries such as Switzerland. References on
goat milk soap have recently surged to more than 5,000 in
Web-based literature. The number of home-based goat
milk soap businesses in the U.S. has been estimated to
generate multi-million dollars of annual revenues.
REFERENCES
ADGA . 2008 . News and Events . American Dairy Goat
Association Publ., Spindale, NC, U.S., Vol. 54, 4th quarter,
pp. 10 - 13 .
Alderson , P. and E.J. Pollak . 1980 . Age - season adjustment
factors for milk and fat of dairy goats. J. Dairy Sci.
63 : 148 - 151 .
Babayan , V.K. 1981 . Medium chain length fatty acid esters
and their medical and nutritional applications. J. Amer. Oil
Chem. Soc. 59 : 49A - 51A .
Bath , D.L. , F.N. Dickinson , H.A. Tucker , and R.D. Appleman .
1985 . Biosynthesis of milk . In: Dairy Cattle: Principles,
Practices, Problems, Profi ts .
Lea
&
Febiger
Publ. ,
Philadelphia, U.S. , pp. 291 - 324 .
Cerbulis , J. , V.P. Flanagan , and H.M. Farrell . 1985 .
Composition of the hydrocarbon fraction of goat milk. J.
Lipid Res. 26 : 1438 .
Chandan , R.C. , R. Attaie , and K.M. Shahani . 1992 . Nutritional
aspects of goat milk and its products. Proc. V. Intl. Conf.
Goats , New Delhi , India . Vol. II : Part II. pp. 399 - 420 .
Chilliard , Y. , P. Morand - Fehr , G. Durand , and D. Sauvant .
1979. Evolution of the metabolic activity of goat fatty tissue
during the 1st month of lactation—Relation with the milk
secretion. Bull. de L' Acad. Vet. de France 52 : 417 - 422 .
Cosie , A.T. and H.L. Buttle . 1974 . Lactation . In: Reproduction
in Farm Animals . E.S.E. Hafez , Ed., Lea & Febiger Publ. ,
Philadelphia, U.S. , pp. 203 - 221 .
Cowie , A. , G. Knaggs , and J. Tindal . 1964 . Complete restora-
tion of lactation in goat after hypophysectomy. J. Endocr.
28 : 267 - 279 .
Das , D. and N.S. Sidhu . 1975 . Relation between udder
and teat traits with milk yield in Barbari and Black
Bengal breeds of goat, Capra hircus. Indian J. Hered. 7:
1 - 9 .
Davis , T.A. , H.V. Nguyen , R. Garcia - Bravo , M.L. Florotto ,
E.M. Jackson , D.S. Lewis , D.R. Lee , and P.J. Reeds . 1994 .
Amino acid composition of human milk is not unique. J.
Nutr. 124 : 1126 - 1132 .
Devendra , C. 1987 . Strategies other than breeding for the
development of small ruminants. In: Proc. Small Ruminant
Production Systems in South and Southeast Asia Workshop.
C. Devendra , Ed., Oct. 6 - 10, 1986, Bogor, Indonesia,
IDRC Publ. , Ottawa, Canada , pp. 332 - 353 .
Devendra , C. and G.F.W. Haenlein . 2003 . Goat breeds . In:
Encyclopedia of Dairy Sciences , H. Roginski , J.W. Fuquay ,
P.F.
SUMMARY
Goat milk production is of economic, medical, and gastro-
nomic signifi cance in many developed and underdeveloped
countries to an extent that it is not only popular but also
indispensable to millions of people. The physiology of
lactation of dairy goats is similar to that of cows, but
signifi cant differences exist, which must be considered
for correct and profi table management of dairy goats.
The biochemistry of goat milk composition has unique
differences from cow milk composition, situating goat
milk as a valuable alternative to cow milk in
many medical conditions, and also infl uencing the yogurt-
and cheese-making process from goat milk considerably.
The economics of goat milk production is greatly
different from that of cow milk production and
depends on a higher farm gate price for goat milk com-
pared to cow milk. The farm gate price for goat milk also
dictates whether it is more profi table to sell the
milk or to feed it to kids for goat meat sales. Profi tability
of goat milk production depends very much on the eco-
nomics of scale (for example, the size of the herd) and on
two factors or systems: (1) low cost of feed, land, and
labor under extensive grazing systems or (2) supplemen-
tary concentrate feeding under intensive management
systems. It has been convincingly shown that either system
can be very profi table in developed and in underdeveloped
countries making it a viable part of the overall dairy
industry.
Fox ,
Eds.,
Academic
Press ,
Amsterdam,
The
Netherlands, Vol. 2 , pp. 585 - 598 .
FAO . 2004 . Production Yearbook 2003 . Food & Agriculture
Publ. , Rome, Italy , Vol. 57 : 213 - 215 ; 241 - 242 .
Gall , C. 1981 . Milk production . In: Goat Production , C. Gall ,
ed., Academic Press , London, U.K. , pp. 309 - 344 .
Gall , C. 1990 . Potential of dual purpose goats . In: Proc. Small
Ruminants Research and Development in the Near East
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