Biology Reference
In-Depth Information
Cinara costata
(Zetterstedt) (
161
)
Small colonies of this southerly-distributed species are
noted occasionally on young Norway spruce (
Picea
abies
) trees. Adults (2.7-3.8 mm long) are light brown
with darker markings, but often appear greyish due
to the presence of secreted wax; the siphunculi are
borne on small, dark, widely spaced siphuncular cones
(cf.
Cinara pruinosa
). The aphids occur mainly from
May to July, but also in the autumn. Colonies are
usually attended by ants.
infestations cause discoloration of foliage. The aphids
also produce considerable quantities of honeydew, upon
which sooty moulds develop. Wingless aphids occur
from May to September. Overwintering eggs are laid in
the autumn on young twigs and shoots.
Cinara cupressi
(Buckton) and
C. cupressivora
(Watson & Voegtlin)
Cypress aphids
This species complex is associated with Cupressaceae,
especially Lawson cypress (
Chamaecyparis
lawsoniana
), Leyland cypress (
Cupressocyparis
leylandii
) (especially the golden form 'Castlewellan')
and Monterey cypress (
Cupressus macrocarpa
); the
aphids also occur on
Thuja
. Damage is often caused to
nursery stock; hedges and specimen trees in parks and
Cinara cuneomaculata
(del Guercio)
Larch aphid
This large (2.4-4.6 mm long), dark brown species
occurs on larch (
Larix
), including nursery stock, usually
establishing small colonies on the shoots. Heavy
161
162
161
Ant-attended colony of
Cinara costata
on
Picea
.
162
Colony of American juniper aphid (
Cinara fresai
) on
Juniperus
.
163
164
163
Protective earthen canopy around colony of American
juniper aphid (
Cinara fresai
).
164
American juniper aphid (
Cinara fresai
) damage to foliage
of
Juniperus
.
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