Biology Reference
In-Depth Information
Pandemis heparana
(Denis & Schiffermüller)
(
690-691
)
Dark fruit tree tortrix moth
Often common in woodland areas, nurseries and
gardens, attacking trees and shrubs such as birch
(
Betula
), crab-apple (
Malus
), flowering cherry
(
Prunus
),
Forsythia
, honeysuckle (
Lonicera
), lime
(
Tilia
) and willow (
Salix
). Eurasiatic. Widely distributed
in Europe.
LIFE HISTORY
Adults occur from late June to August or September.
Eggs are laid on the upper surface of leaves of various
trees and shrubs, usually in batches of 30-50, and hatch
2-3 weeks later. The larvae feed for a short time before
hibernating in silken retreats spun on the twigs. They
resume feeding in the following May and June, each
sheltering within rolled leaves on the young shoots or
under webs spun on the underside of expanded leaves.
Pupation occurs in the larval habitation or in spun
leaves near the tips of infested shoots.
DESCRIPTION
Adult:
16-24 mm wingspan; fore wings reddish
ochreous to reddish brown, with darker markings; hind
wings dark brownish grey; antennae of male with a
basal notch.
Egg:
flat and oval; laid in a small, raft-like
batch.
Larva:
up to 25 mm long; bright green, with pale
sides; head and prothoracic plate green to brown; anal
plate green; anal comb whitish, usually with 6-8 teeth.
Pupa:
10-12 mm long; brownish black; cremaster
about as long as wide.
DAMAGE
In addition to feeding on leaves, larvae sometimes
destroy blossoms, but infestations are usually
unimportant.
Pandemis corylana
(Fabricius) (
692
)
Hazel tortrix moth
A locally common but minor pest of trees and shrubs,
including ash (
Fraxinus excelsior
), dogwood (
Cornus
),
hazel (
Corylus
) and oak (
Quercus
). Adults occur from
July to September, eggs being laid on the bark of host
plants where they overwinter until the following spring.
Larvae feed on the foliage from May to July, inhabiting
either a longitudinally folded leaf or a bunch of spun
leaves. Pupation occurs in June within the larval
habitation. Adults (18-24 mm wingspan) are similar in
appearance to those of
Pandemis cerasana
but the fore
wings are paler and more strongly reticulated. The
larvae (up to 25 mm long) are green and slender-bodied,
with a well-developed anal comb.
690
690
Female of dark fruit tree tortrix moth (
Pandemis
heparana
).
691
692
691
Larva of dark fruit tree tortrix moth (
Pandemis
heparana
).
692
Hazel tortrix moth (
Pandemis corylana
).
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